Western blot was used to detect the protein content of AQP1-4, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and vimentin. The steps were as previously described[26 (link)]. The primary antibodies used for Western blot were purchased from Abcam (KIM-1: ab190696; α-SMA: ab32575; vimentin: ab92547; AQP1: ab168387; AQP4: ab46182). Grey bands on the picture were semi-quantitatively analyzed with ImageJ, with GAPDH used as the internal control.