Total protein was extracted from young (P3) and senescent (P16) RPESCs (1 x 106 cells/sample) as described previously [16 (link)], with some modifications. Membranes were incubated overnight with the primary p21 and p53 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) using GAPDH as the endogenous control, followed by incubation with the secondary antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Protein detection on the membrane was performed using the Clarity Western ECL Substrate Kit (Bio-Rad). The signals were captured with an Alliance Mini (UVITEC Cambridge, Cambridge, UK) system; the p21 and p53 bands were quantified with UVITEC software and their intensity was normalized by comparison to the housekeeping protein β-actin, used as a loading control. The intensity of each band was compared to the negative controls and any change was expressed as a percentage.
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