Whole blood samples were drawn from all participants, generally after an overnight fast and analyzed in the Central Laboratory of Kailuan General Hospital on the same day. Plasma samples were used to measure biochemical variables. Triglyceride, TCHO, hemoglobin, HDL, LDL were measured using a Hitachi 7600 auto-analyzer (Hitachi; Tokyo, Japan). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was tested with the Hexokinase method (BioSino Bio-Technology & Science Inc., China). High sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured using a high-sensitivity particle-enhanced immunonephelometry assay (Cias Latex CRP-H, Kanto Chemical Co. Inc, Japan). Laboratory urine tests including urinary creatinine, urinary albumin, and urinary α1MG, transferrin and α1-acid glycoprotein that regarded as the indices of early DKD [17 (link)] were measured in the central laboratory in Peking University First Hospital. Serum creatinine was measured using the Jaffe’s method. eGFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation [24 (link)].
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