All participants provided written informed consent to a protocol that was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board on research involving human subjects at the University of North Carolina and/or at each study performance site.
DARIC participants were recruited from the ARIC population study and included dentate participants who did not have contraindications for periodontal probing.16 (link) The DARIC sample consisted of 6,793 individuals living in four United States communities. These subjects had full-mouth periodontal examinations at six sites per tooth, including third molars, as measured by trained and calibrated examiners.
Two additional datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2009-2010 and 2011-2012) were used as the second study population. The technical details of the surveys, including sampling design, periodontal data collection protocols, and data availability, have been described elsewhere.17 (link), 18 (link) Briefly, periodontal measurements were collected for 3,750 individuals (NHANES 2009-2010) and for 3,338 individuals (NHANES 2011-2012). The third study population was from the Piedmont 65+ Dental Study (PDS), which was based on a stratified random clustered sample of all people aged 65 and over in the five adjacent counties in the Piedmont area of North Carolina.19 (link) The PDS began in 1988 with a random subsample of 697 dentate individuals with periodontal data available. Although PDS is a longitudinal study, in this report these analysis were conducted using the baseline data. Additional population characteristics are described in detail in previous publications.20 (link), 21 (link)
DARIC participants were recruited from the ARIC population study and included dentate participants who did not have contraindications for periodontal probing.16 (link) The DARIC sample consisted of 6,793 individuals living in four United States communities. These subjects had full-mouth periodontal examinations at six sites per tooth, including third molars, as measured by trained and calibrated examiners.
Two additional datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2009-2010 and 2011-2012) were used as the second study population. The technical details of the surveys, including sampling design, periodontal data collection protocols, and data availability, have been described elsewhere.17 (link), 18 (link) Briefly, periodontal measurements were collected for 3,750 individuals (NHANES 2009-2010) and for 3,338 individuals (NHANES 2011-2012). The third study population was from the Piedmont 65+ Dental Study (PDS), which was based on a stratified random clustered sample of all people aged 65 and over in the five adjacent counties in the Piedmont area of North Carolina.19 (link) The PDS began in 1988 with a random subsample of 697 dentate individuals with periodontal data available. Although PDS is a longitudinal study, in this report these analysis were conducted using the baseline data. Additional population characteristics are described in detail in previous publications.20 (link), 21 (link)
