Protein extraction and western blot analysis were performed as previously described [52 (link)]. Anti-Beclin-1, anti-cleaved caspase 7, anti-CHOP, anti-GRP78, anti-phospho-H2AX, anti-LC3, anti-PARP, and anti-p62 were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti-GRP94 was obtained from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA). Anti-α-tubulin was obtained from Abcam (Eugene, OR, USA).
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