Plasma insulin (E-EL-M1382c, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), GLP-1 (E-EL-M3012, Elabscience), TNF-α (RK00027, ABclonal, Wuhan, China), IL-6 (RK00008, ABclonal), and IL-4 (RK00036, ABclonal) levels were determined via ELISA according to the manufacture’s protocols. Total cholesterol (A111-1-1), triglyceride (A110-1-1), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (A113-1-1), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (A112-1-1) were measured using relative commercial colorimetric enzymatic assay kits from Najing Jiancheng Bioengineering, as described previously [25 (link)].
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