In vitro, rat type II alveolar epithelial cells line (RLE-6TN) was purchased from ATCC (Manassas, USA), and human lung cancer cell (A549) donated by teacher Shao, who works in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, all cells grew in DMEM medium (Hyclone, USA) supplemented with 9% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, USA), the cells were incubated at 37 °C with 5% CO2. Cells were incubated with recombinant human TGF-β1 (100–21 C, PeproTech) or SFN (1 μmol/L, Sigma S6317)14 (link) in some experiments.
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