Vitamin C was determined as previously reported [6 (link)] using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with an UV-975 UV/Vis detector (JASCO International Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), a Waters 515 pump (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA), and a 5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm Zorbax original ODS column (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The HPLC system employed an isocratic solvent system of 0.5% (v/v) KH2PO4 (adjusted to pH 2.5 with H3PO4) with a 0.8 mL/min flow rate. Vitamin C was visualized at 254 nm.
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