The measurement of cytochrome C (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), cleaved caspase C (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and phosphorylated NF-κB (Cell Signalling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) in heart homogenates, obtained from mice i.t. instilled with DEPs or saline with or without catalpol treatment, were obtained using commercially available ELISA kits. Moreover, protein expressions for phosphorylated NF-κB and phosphorylated NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα) were further measured using the Western blotting technique, as previously reported [20 (link),26 (link),27 (link)].
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