The Twitcher mouse colony (Twi+/− C57BL6 mice; Jackson Labs) was generously donated by Dr. A. Biffi (San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy). Animals were maintained and used according to the protocols and ethical guidelines approved by the Ministry of Health, as per Italian law (Permit Number: 0004419).
Genomic DNA was extracted from the clipped tails of mice by Proteinase K lysis buffer as previously described42 (link). The genetic status of each mouse was determined from the genome analysis of the twitcher mutation, as reported in ref. 31 (link). TWI male mice at P30 and P15 and their WT male littermates were used for experiments, while the TWI-Het littermates for the TWI colony maintenance31 (link), 42 (link). Surgical procedures for fixation were performed under urethane anesthesia (Sigma, 0.8 ml/hg), and all efforts were made to minimize mice suffering.
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