Nanoparticles were synthesized based on a wet chemistry approach, as described in Varympopi et al. [15 (link)]. In brief, the precursor salt for both CN_S1 and CN_S2 (copper (II) nitrate purchased from Alfa Aesar) was magnetically stirred for 15 min in deionized water, while maintaining a pH of 10–11, using 0.5 M of sodium hydroxide (purchased from CHEM-LAB). CN_S1 was produced through the gradual addition of the copper salt to stabilizer S1 (an animal protein purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri), while CN_S2 was formed through the rapid addition to stabilizer S2 (a non-ionic polymer purchased from Alfa Aesar). The process was considered as complete once the color of the solution changed to purple and bright green for CN_S1 and CN_S2, respectively.
A Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) method was employed in order to evaluate the yield of the reduction process, as has been previously used by Platania et al. [43 (link)]. During this process, the colloidal dispersion of NPs flows tubularly through a membrane. Anything smaller in size than the membrane’s pores can permeate (i.e., organic constituents or Cu ions). Following this, the copper content of the supernatant solution (i.e., high in copper ion content) and the content of the retentate solution containing the CuNPs, was evaluated through Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES).
A Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) method was employed in order to evaluate the yield of the reduction process, as has been previously used by Platania et al. [43 (link)]. During this process, the colloidal dispersion of NPs flows tubularly through a membrane. Anything smaller in size than the membrane’s pores can permeate (i.e., organic constituents or Cu ions). Following this, the copper content of the supernatant solution (i.e., high in copper ion content) and the content of the retentate solution containing the CuNPs, was evaluated through Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES).
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