The isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and flow-based transmigration assays were performed in a 3D BioFlux flow chamber device (Fluxion Bioscience, San Diego, CA) as previously described.30 (link) The migrated cells were enumerated by a hemocytometer and then normalized to migrated cell numbers determined by flow cytometry. After collection, cells were fixed for 10 minutes in 1% paraformaldehyde at room temperature and washed in phosphate buffered saline + 0.1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, followed by blocking in mouse IgG. Cells were labeled with anti-human CD45 eFluor450, CD8a APC-eFluor780 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA), CD3Alexa Fluor 647 (BioLegend, San Diego, CA), CD19 BV711, and CD4 PE-CF594 (BD Biosciences). Data were acquired using BD FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences) and analyzed by FlowJo software (v.10.4.1; Treestar, Ashland, OR).