Inflamed mucosa (n = 3 AFRS nasal polyps, n = 1 mucosa adjacent to mycetoma) and control mucosa from inferior turbinates (n = 4) were each taken from the same patient and prepared as previously decribed.5 (link) Briefly, tissue was incubated for 5 hours at 37°C in Dulbecco’s Modified-Eagle Medium (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) with 5μg/mL Brefeldin A (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Tissue was enzymatically digested releasing single cells into suspension.5 (link) Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at final concentration 2mM was added to quench the digestion. Debris was removed using a 40-μm cell strainer and red blood cells (RBCs) were removed using an RBC lysis buffer (Miltenyi Biotech, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). Cells were serially washed in 2% BSA in PBS (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) for analysis by flow cytometry.