PBMC were analyzed for the presence of MDSC as previously described [21 (link)]. MDSC were defined as cells positive for CD33, CD11b and lacking HLA-DR with subsets expressing CD15 or CD14 representing granulocytic and monocytic MDSC, respectively (Fig. 1). Notably, the current method for phenotyping M-MDSC (CD33+/HLADR-/CD14+/CD11b+) compares favorably to methods employed by other investigators (e.g., CD14+/HLADRlow/−) with respect to the percentages of M-MDSC obtained [22 (link)]. Specific antibodies included CD15-FITC, CD33-APC, HLA-DR-PC7, CD11b-PE (all Beckman Coulter), and CD14-V450 (BD Biosciences). All samples were run on a BD LSR-II flow cytometer and data was analyzed with FlowJo software (Tree Star, Inc.).