Isolates were genotyped by species-specific microsatellite markers. Six markers were used for C. albicans: CDC3, EF3, HIS3 (Botterel et al., 2001 (link); Sabino et al., 2010 (link)), CAI, CAIII, and CAVI (Sampaio et al., 2005 (link)). Markers used for C. tropicalis were Ctrm1, Ctrm10, Ctrm12, Ctrm21, Ctrm24, and Ctrm28 (Wu et al., 2014 (link)), and CP1, CP4a, CP6, and B were used for C. parapsilosis (Sampaio et al., 2003 (link); Vaz et al., 2011 (link)).
Capillary electrophoresis using the ABI 3130xl analyser (Applied Biosystems-Life Technologies Corporation, Carlsbad, California, USA) and the GeneScan ROX 500 bp marker (Applied Biosystems-Life Technologies Corporation, Carlsbad, California, USA) was performed on the PCR products. Electropherograms were analyzed with the GeneMapper® v.4.0 software (Applied Biosystems-Life Technologies Corporation, California). A control strain from each species was used in each run to ensure size accuracy and avoid run-to-run variations. The number of base pairs determined the size of alleles in each locus.
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