UV-visible absorbance spectra were obtained using a PerkinElmer Lambda 950 spectrophotometer equipped with deuterium and halogen lamps. Photoluminescence measurements were performed using a Fluoromax 4 from Horiba Scientific, and photoluminescence quantum yields were determined using a quanta-phi integrating sphere accessory according to a previously described procedure.69 (link) Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was measured on a PANalytical X'Pert Powder X-ray diffractometer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on a FEI T12 BioTWIN and a FEI Talos F200X. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were obtained using a PerkinElmer Spectrum One FT-IR Spectrometer operating with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory.
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