Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Assessment

The sex, age (years), waist girth (cm), and BMI (kg/m²) were all assessed by an experienced clinical field nurse. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure measurements (mm Hg) were taken three times and the mean blood pressure was calculated using the last two recordings. Additionally, fasting blood samples were drawn for various lipid measures, namely HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), triglycerides (mmol/L), and total cholesterol (mmol/L) using a Vitro 950 Chemistry Station (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA) as per Liberda et al. [26 (link)]. Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) was also assessed using the Vitros 950 (Vitros Chemistry, Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Rochester, NY, USA) spectrophotometric assay system as per the manufacturer.