The activity for SOD in sera and brains was examined according to xanthine oxidase method provided by the standard assay kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China) as described [17 (link)]. The assay used the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system to produce superoxide ions, which reacted with 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenol-5-phenlyltetrazolium chloride) to form a red formazan dye, and the absorbance at 550 nm was determined. The values were expressed as units per mg protein, and protein concentration was determined by a BCA protein assay kit (Pierce Chemical Co.), where one unit of SOD was defined as the amount of SOD inhibiting the rate of reaction by 50% at 25°C.
Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring MDA concentrations according to the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method as commercially recommended (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China). The method was based on the spectrophotometric measurement of the color produced during the reaction to TBA with MDA. MDA concentrations were calculated by the absorbance of TBA reactive substances (TBARS) at 532 nm.