HeLa cells (CCL-2, ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) were grown in Dulbecco’s Minimal Essential Media (DMEM) (Gibco) with high glucose and non-essential amino acids complemented with 10% FBS, 1% glutamine and gentamycin (25 μm/ml). Cells were seeded on micropattern grids for 2 h before washing. Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis LGV02 were performed as previously described46 (link). 24 h post infection cells were plunge-frozen using the Vitrobot (Thermo Fisher) offsetting the blotting pad to favour back blotting. Just prior to plunge-freezing, the cells media was replaced with the complete media with 10% glycerol (v/v). Vitrified grids were then clipped (Thermo Fisher) into autogrids (Thermo Fisher) and subsequently stored under liquid nitrogen.
Plunge-frozen S. cerevisiae (Yeast) samples were prepared as previously described43 .