The UK Biobank CMR protocol has been described in detail elsewhere [18 (link)]. Briefly, all examinations were performed on a wide-bore 1.5 Tesla scanner (MAGNETOM Aera, Syngo Platform VD13A, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). For cardiac function, long-axis cines and a complete short-axis stack of balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) cines, covering the left and right ventricle were acquired.
Typical parameters were as follows: TR/TE = 2.6/1.1ms, flip angle 80°, Grappa factor 2, voxel size 1.8 mm x 1.8 mm x 8 mm (6 mm for long axis). The actual temporal resolution of 32 ms was interpolated to 50 phases per cardiac cycle (~20 ms). No signal or image filtering was applied besides distortion correction.
Analysis of the left ventricle (LV), right ventricle (RV), left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA) for all CMR examinations were performed manually by observers across two core laboratories according to pre-approved standard operating procedures using cvi42 post-processing software (Version 5.1.1, Circle Cardiovascular Imaging Inc., Calgary, Canada). LV papillary muscles were included in blood pool volumes and excluded from LV mass. Detailed descriptions of analysis methodology, including exemplar contours and intra- and inter-observer variability, have been previously described [19 (link)].
Typical parameters were as follows: TR/TE = 2.6/1.1ms, flip angle 80°, Grappa factor 2, voxel size 1.8 mm x 1.8 mm x 8 mm (6 mm for long axis). The actual temporal resolution of 32 ms was interpolated to 50 phases per cardiac cycle (~20 ms). No signal or image filtering was applied besides distortion correction.
Analysis of the left ventricle (LV), right ventricle (RV), left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA) for all CMR examinations were performed manually by observers across two core laboratories according to pre-approved standard operating procedures using cvi42 post-processing software (Version 5.1.1, Circle Cardiovascular Imaging Inc., Calgary, Canada). LV papillary muscles were included in blood pool volumes and excluded from LV mass. Detailed descriptions of analysis methodology, including exemplar contours and intra- and inter-observer variability, have been previously described [19 (link)].
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