The broiler ileal tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and cut into 5 μm sections. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) after deparaffinization (Changchun Xavier Biotechnology Co. Changchun, China). Under a light microscope (X 40 magnification) with the Slide Viewer (version 2.5.0; 3DHISTECH Ltd., Budapest, Hungary) image-analyzing system, villus height (μm) and crypt depth (μm) were measured, and V/C was calculated61 (link).
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