UBQLN2 proteins were expressed, purified and, as indicated, labeled with Alexa Fluor 647, Alexa Fluor 555, or DyLight-488 as described previously (15 (link)). Substrates were purified by Ni-NTA chromatography and SUMO protease cleavage as described previously, and R-Neh2Dual-ACTR-DHFR was labeled with sulfo-cyanine5 maleimide (Lumiprobe) on a single unique cysteine immediately N-terminal to DHFR, and repurified by gel filtration as described previously (26 (link), 34 (link)). 26S Proteasome was purified from S. cerevisiae via a 3X-FLAG tag on Rpn11 as described previously (26 (link)). AMSH*, oTUB1* and vOTU were purified as described previously (32 (link)). vOTU was labeled with Alexa Fluor 555 and repurified by gel filtration. Ub4 was synthesized and purified as described previously (22 ). Substrate, UBQLN2 and DUB protein sequences are given in Supplemental Table S2