All clinical samples in this study were organized using the Fujian Province Cervical Lesions Screening Cohorts, Fujian, P.R. China. In one of these cohorts, 19,446 women assessed using Cervista® HR-HPV assay and the Thinprep® Cytologic Test at the Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital between January 2012 and December 2016 were enrolled. The population eligible for this study involved two arms, one consisting of healthy patients undergoing routine physical examination and another consisting of patients visiting the outpatient clinic for any gynecologic conditions other than cancer. Qualified participants were those for whom HPV was positively detected by the Cervista® assay, with definite cervical histopathology results, and who had a complete follow-up record (Figure 1). In total, 698 eligible women who were histopathologically abnormal were classified in the case group. Another 698 women who were age matched with the case group and who were histopathologically normal were placed in the control group. All participants were examined, followed, and diagnosed using standardized protocols. All participants in this study provided written informed consent. The protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committees of the Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital.