Ethidium bromide uptake was monitored as described earlier (43 (link)). MabWt, MabΔembC, and MabΔCMab were grown to an OD600 of 0.6–1.0. Bacteria were collected by centrifugation and resuspended in uptake buffer (PBS, 0.05% Tween 80, pH 7.0) to an OD600 of 0.5, followed by the addition of 25 mM glucose for energization. Ethidium bromide (1 μg/mL) was added, followed by real-time measurement in a fluorescence spectrometer (PerkinElmer) with excitation and emission wavelengths set at 520 and 595 nm, respectively. Results were normalized against fluorescence of ethidium bromide and are depicted relative to the highest fluorescence measured. The experiment was performed in triplicate and repeated three times.
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