Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells Response to Metabolic Stimuli

Mouse proximal tubule epithelial cells RTEC were obtained from ATCC and cultured in DMEM (1.0 g/L glucose) containing 10% FBS and penicillin/streptomycin. All cells requiring intervention were synchronously quiescent after 6 h in a serum-free medium and then treated with different stimuli as follows: high glucose (HG, 15 and 30 mmol/L D-glucose in the medium, 5.5 mmol/L glucose as a control), palmitic acid (PA, 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/L) or UDP-GlcNAc (10 mmol/L). Tool cells HEK293T cells were obtained from ATCC and were cultured in DMEM (4.5 g/L glucose) containing 10% FBS.