Comprehensive Characterization of Magnetic Activated Carbon

Using a surface area and pore analyzer, N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77.4 K and a relative pressure (P/P°) range of 0.001–1 were used to measure the specific surface area (S_BET) (BELSORP—Mini II, BEL Japan, Inc). The S_BET, total volume of pores (V_T), and mean diameter of pores (D_P) of the produced MG-OPAC were calculated by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model⁴⁹ . Additionally, using the BELSORP analysis programme software, the t-plot approach was used to measure the micropore surface area (S_mi) and micropore volume (V_mi). Utilizing a Bruker VERTEX70 with a platinum ATR model V-100 in the wave number range of 400–4000 cm^–1, FTIR spectroscopy was used to recognize the functional groups existent in OPAC, orange peels magnetic activated carbon (MG-OPAC), and MG-OPAC composite after removal. Utilizing SEM, the produced composite's morphology was examined. In addition, EDX was employed to pinpoint the precise elements present on the sample surfaces under study by using SEM QUANTA 250 linked to EDX. The crystalline characteristics of MG-OPAC were categorized by XRD using a Panalytica X-Ray Diffractometer with Cu K_α radiation (k = 0.15406 nm) in the scanning range 2Ɵ (0–90). Vibrating sample magnetometers (VSM), made by VSM Lakeshore type 7410 in the USA, were applied to test the magnetic properties of MG-OPAC at room temperature.