During the screening visit, the height of the participants was measured to the nearest ± 0.5 cm using an analog wall-mounted stadiometer (HR-200, Tanita Corp, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) with their shoes removed and standing erect on flat feet. A bioelectrical impedance analyzer was used at the first visit to determine fat and fat-free masses, and body fat percentage (InBody 570, Cerritos, CA, USA). Body composition analysis occurred between 0600 and 1000 h by trained research personnel according to device specifications, with participants removing jewelry and loose clothing articles and wiping their palms and foot soles with a wipe provided by the manufacturer (InBody tissue, InBody, Cerritos, CA, USA) before standing on the platform with hands and feet in contact with sensors.
At the start of all study visits, participants had their resting heart rate and blood pressure measured using an automated sphygmomanometer (Omron BP785, Omron Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) after being seated with their feet uncrossed on the floor for approximately five minutes. Body mass was measured using a self-calibrating digital scale (Tanita BWB-627A, Tokyo, Japan) and recorded to the nearest ±0.1 kg. Body masses recorded after visit 3 were compared to ensure participants were weight stable through the testing visits [32 (link)].
At the start of all study visits, participants had their resting heart rate and blood pressure measured using an automated sphygmomanometer (Omron BP785, Omron Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) after being seated with their feet uncrossed on the floor for approximately five minutes. Body mass was measured using a self-calibrating digital scale (Tanita BWB-627A, Tokyo, Japan) and recorded to the nearest ±0.1 kg. Body masses recorded after visit 3 were compared to ensure participants were weight stable through the testing visits [32 (link)].
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