The self-reported lifestyle behavior questionnaire, which included information on intensity and frequency of exercise, was conducted at serial health checkups before and after the diagnosis of IS. This questionnaire based on International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), which was developed by World Health Organization and conversion to Korean version developed by Oh et al.17 , and validated by other article18 (link). The exercise section of the questionnaire consisted of three questions asking for each frequency of light, moderate, and vigorous exercise on a weekly basis during the recent weeks. Light-intensity exercise was defined as walking slowly or sweeping carpets for more than 30 min, moderate-intensity exercise was defined as bicycling leisurely, walking at a brisk pace, or playing tennis for more than 30 min, and vigorous-intensity exercise included running, climbing, bicycling quickly, or aerobics for more than 20 min. In this study, regular physical activity was defined as performing moderate or vigorous exercise at least once a week. To measure the influence of the amount of energy expenditure on cognitive outcomes, we stratified the regular physical activity groups according to energy expenditure using metabolic equivalents of tasks (METs). We rated light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity exercise as 2.9, 4.0, and 7.0, respectively, to calculate the energy expenditure19 (link). The total energy expenditure, i.e., summation of multiplying METs by the frequency of each exercise together with the minimum duration, was stratified into < 1000 and ≥ 1000 MET-min/wk20 (link).
The study participants were divided into four groups by comparing the categorization of regular physical activity status at health checkups before and after IS diagnosis: (1) persistent non-exercisers, (2) exercise dropouts, (3) new exercisers, and (4) exercise maintainers. The overall study configuration and design are shown in Fig.2 .![]()
The study participants were divided into four groups by comparing the categorization of regular physical activity status at health checkups before and after IS diagnosis: (1) persistent non-exercisers, (2) exercise dropouts, (3) new exercisers, and (4) exercise maintainers. The overall study configuration and design are shown in Fig.
Definition of exercise habit status and the detailed study protocol.
Free full text: Click here
