mRNA Extraction and qPCR Analysis

We extracted mRNA with Trizol isolation using Qiazol Lysis Reagent and a bead mill. RNA had to be concentrated by vacuum centrifugation and concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry with NanoDrop 1000 (PeqLab, Germany). RNA integrity was tested with automated electrophoresis with Experion Automated Electrophoresis System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA). Next, RNA was transcribed into cDNA with RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Fermentas, USA). PCR reactions were performed on Rotor-Gene Q (QIAgen, Germany) in a total reaction volume of 20 μL with Brilliant II SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix (Stratagene, USA) and forward and reverse primers (Biomers, Germany). Expression analyses were performed as reported^{31 (link)}. Primer sequences and complete methods are given in the supplemental section (supplementary methods and Suppl. Table 1).