For the scratch assays, after transfection (described above for MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells), cells were seeded in duplicate and when they reached 95–100% confluence, were serum starved with 0.1% FBS-containing media for 12 h. Subsequently, a scratch was made across the cell layer using a pipette tip, and cell migration was monitored by recording images at indicated time points post-scratch. The area of the scratch was quantified using the MiToBo plug-in for ImageJ software and plotted as a percentage of total area. For the transwell migration assay, 24 h after transfection (as described), cells were trypsinized and re-seeded in triplicate in migration chambers (BD Bioscience, Bedford, MA) in serum-free medium. Twenty-four hours after cell seeding, the experiment was performed and results quantified as previously described [18 (link)].