Heteroplasmic MEFs harboring the tRNAAla point mutation were transfected with GenJet DNA In Vitro Transfection Reagent version II (SL100489; SignaGen Laboratories) as suggested by the manufacturers. After 24 h, cells were sorted using a FACSAria IIU (BD FACSDiva software, Version V8.0.2) by gating on single-cell fluorescence using a 561-nm laser and 600LP, 610/20 filter set for mCherry and a 488-nm laser and 505LP, 530/30 filter set for eGFP. Sorted cells expressing mCherry and eGFP were termed “Yellow”3 (link),4 (link). Sorted cells lacking fluorescence were termed “Black”.