We grew monocultures of uninduced and induced wild-type CAT-I along with induced monocultures of the S27M and Q30M mutants following the monoculture growth assay outlined previously. We utilized the Qiagen Large-Construct Kit following the protocol for high yields of large-construct DNA without the removal of genomic DNA. The traJ and traI genes were PCR amplified using 2X GoTaq Green MasterMix starting from 10 ng of template from each sample. PCR products were loaded on a 1% TAE gel containing ethidium bromide. Bands were visualized under UV light and imaged with Carestream Gel Logic 112.