Mice were sacrificed and hind legs were removed and placed in conical tubes containing 5% FCS DMEM media (Gibco). Muscle was removed from tibia and femur bones and the ends of bones were cut off. Using a 271/2 gauge needle, 10 mL of sterile DMEM media supplemented with 10% FBS, pen/strep, and L-glutamine was passed through the bone. Cells were pelleted and plated with mouse MCSF (50 ng/mL) (BioLegend). Following 4 days of incubation, supernatant was removed and plated in a new dish. Cells were again incubated in media with mouse MCSF for 3 more days. Dishes were then washed 3 times with sterile PBS to remove unadhered cells. BMDMs were gently scraped off the dish, pelleted, counted, and seeded in new plates for experimentation. In the case of experiments with calcium-free medium, immediately prior to experimentation, cells were washed three times with PBS, before adding calcium-free DMEM (Gibco) with pen/strep and L-glutamine. Controls for calcium-free medium experiment were placed in calcium-sufficient DMEM with pen/strep and L-glutamine. In some experiments, cells were treated with DMOG (200 μM), GsmT×4 (5 μM), Brefeldin-A (3 μg/mL), recombinant EDN1 (conc), Bosentan (10 μM), Cyclosporine A (10 μM), SR 11302 (10 μM), Echinomycin (5 nm), Bapta-AM (10 μM), Chloroquine (100 μM) or MG132 (50 μM)