The inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis included: 1, Patients with gastrointestinal cancer (CRC, GC, EC, liver cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, or pancreatic cancer) who received radical or palliative intent surgery; 2, Patients were divided into the high ALI group and the low ALI group; and 3, Prognosis including OS, DFS, or CSS was reported (both effect value and survival curves were allowed). The exclusion criteria included: 1, Studies’ types were reviews, case reports, letters, conferences, comments, or preprint articles; and 2, Data was repeated or overlapped. When two studies had overlapped data, the study with a larger sample size would be included. The PICO framework was more intuitive and was shown in a supplementary document.
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