Metabolic Profiles in Obesity and Diabetes

The study population included a total of 60 participants, 20 participants of whom were healthy and non-obese, 20 obese (BMI > 30 kg/m²) and 20 who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Participants were identified via Primary Care, Diabetes Outpatient Clinics, the Graz Diabetes Registry for Biomarker Research (GIRO) and adverts. Participants in the healthy non-obese cohort were included if they were 18 years and older, had a body mass index (BMI) between 20.0 and 27.0 kg/m² and a fasting plasma glucose level lower than 110 mg/dL (without medication). Participants of the obese cohort had to have a BMI > 30.0 kg/m² and a fasting plasma glucose level < 110 mg/dL (without medication). Individuals were excluded from both these cohorts if they had a history of type 1 or type 2 diabetes or established cardiovascular disease, were taking weight loss medications, were heavily drinking (more than 15 alcoholic drinks/week), or were taking any glucose lowering, lipid lowering or antihypertensive medication. Additionally, pregnant, or breast-feeding women and individuals on corticosteroids or antidepressants within 6 months prior to study initiation were excluded.
Patients in the third cohort were required to have established type 2 diabetes on either diet or a monotherapy or combination therapy of oral glucose lowering drugs [12 (link)]. The trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Graz (30–238 ex 17/18) and was conducted at the Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology at the Medical University of Graz, Austria. All participants provided written informed consent before enrolling in the study.