A mass of 175 mg ± 20 mg of frozen brain tissue was homogenized to a concentration of 10% (wt/vol) in 5% glucose in distilled water in grinding tubes (Bio-Rad), using a TeSeE Precess 48 homogenizer (Bio-Rad). The presence of PrPres in transgenic mice brains was determined by means of WB analysis, as described elsewhere [5 (link), 27 (link)]. Ten to 100 μL of a 10% (wt/vol) brain homogenate was digested with Proteinase K, loaded on 12% Bis-Tris Gel (Criterion XT; Bio-Rad), and detected with Sha31 monoclonal antibody [28 (link)].