STZ-induced T1D mice were generated as previously described.9 (link) In brief, STZ (Cat #S0130, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, Missouri) was dissolved in 0.05 M sodium citrate buffer and intraperitoneally injected into male C57BL/6J mice (4–5 weeks old) at a dose of 55 mg/kg body weight (mpk) daily for 5 days. After STZ injection, these mice were housed in the pathogen-free vivarium for 14–48 days and blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer as described in Lan et al.8 (link) Serum insulin levels in these mice at 48 days post-intraperitoneal STZ treatment were also determined using Thermo Fisher Scientific’s Mouse Insulin ELISA-Kit (Cat #EMINS), according to the manufacturer’s protocol.