Purified total RNA for GEP was then amplified and fluorescently labeled using a One-Color Low Input Quick Amp Labeling Kit (Agilent Technologies). Cy3-labeled cRNAs were hybridized to a SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression 8 × 60K v2 Microarray (Agilent Technologies). A signature analysis based on the gene expression was performed using the expression ratio of the tumor and the corresponding normal tissue (T/N). The expression signature/score was calculated from the average of genes in unique gene sets corresponding to each individual signature (TP53 inactivation28 (link), chromosomal instability [CIN]49 (link)).
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