Blood Biomarker Profiling in Mice

Mice at the fed state or fasted for 12 h were sacrificed, and whole blood was collected from retrobulbar venous plexus and centrifuged for 10 min at 12,000 × g to obtain plasma. Plasma glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and total triglycerides were measured using commercial kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China). ELISA kits (Sinoukbio, Beijing, China) were used to measure plasma insulin, C-peptide, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), leptin, IL (interleukin) 4, IL6, IL10, resistin, interferon γ (IFNγ) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1) following the manufacturer’s instruction.