Quantifying 3D Printed Scaffold Printability

To access the printability properties, the 3D printed scaffold models were captured using a 24-megapixel (MP) camera (Canon, EOS 200D II, Tokyo, Japan). The strand printability and printing accuracy, as described in Figure 6, were estimated from the acquired images of different scaffold models using Fiji image processing software (ImageJ, V1.5, GNU General Public License, USA).
The strand printability was defined to examine how uniformly the printed strands contrasted with the designed strand. This parameter was calculated utilising Equation (2) [67 (link)]: $$\mathrm{S}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d} \mathrm{p}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{y}=\frac{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{h} \mathrm{o}\mathrm{f} \mathrm{p}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d} \mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d} \mathrm{a}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r} \mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{g} \mathrm{t}\mathrm{o} \mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m} \mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}}{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{h} \mathrm{o}\mathrm{f} \mathrm{d}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d} \mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}$$
The printing accuracy of each scaffold model was measured following Equation (3) [67 (link)]: $$Printingaccuracy\left(\%\right)=\left(1-\frac{\left|A_i-A_o\right|}{A_o}\right)\times 100$$
where $A_i$ is the initial area of the designed model, and $A_o$ is the overall area of the 3D printed model.