Osteogenic differentiation was achieved using mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation medium (PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany). The medium was changed every 72 h; after 14 days, and cells were analyzed by Alizarin Red staining. Three photographs in 3 experiments were selected and run on the freely available imaging software ImageJ (version 1.52a, Stuttgart, Germany). Analysis was performed by threshold converting the 8-bit red–green–blue image into a binary image, consisting only of the pixels representing calcium deposits. The resulting percentage of the stained area was then compared to control images [50 (link)].
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