Rice plants treated with DHA and PA

Rice plants were treated with 10 or 20 mM of DHA (L-dehydroascorbic acid, Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. No. 261,556) (Chavan et al. 2022 (link)) and/or 300 µM PA (piperonylic acid, Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. No. P49805) (Desmedt et al. 2021 (link)). The chosen 20 mM concentration of DHA was previously optimized for best efficacy against M. graminicola and lack of phytotoxicity (Chavan et al. 2022 (link)). In order to potentially reduce the dose of DHA, the half dose, i.e., 10 mM was used while combining it with PA. Since PA was dissolved in DMSO, an additional mock treatment with only DMSO was included. Each plant was treated with 6.25 ml solution or distilled water containing 0.02% (v/v) of Tween20 (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. No. P1379) for efficient spread and uptake of chemicals. Plants were treated by spraying the above-ground parts using a hand automizer sprayer.