Comprehensive Western Blot Analysis

Protein levels were measured by Western blots as described previously 18 (link). Briefly, cells were lysed in RIPA buffer (ThermoFisher Scientific, #89900). Equal amounts of total cell extracts were loaded into 12% SDS-PAGE gels for electrophoresis, followed by transferring onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. The membranes were then incubated with primary antibodies including anti-p53 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, #ab26), anti-Bax (Abcam, #ab32503), anti-Bim (Abcam, #ab32158), anti-DDB2 (Abcam, #ab51017), anti-TGF-β (Abcam, #ab92486), anti-ROS1 (Abcam, #ab108492), anti-Myc (Sigma-Aldrich, #MABE282), anti-Flag (Sigma-Aldrich, #F3165), anti-IRF1 (Abcam, #ab186384), anti-HDAC2 (Abcam, #ab32117), anti-CtBP1 (Abcam, #ab129181), and anti-GAPDH (Abcam, #ab8245). After incubation with HRP-labeled secondary antibodies, the protein band signals were detected using the Pierce^TM ECL Western Blotting Substrate (ThermoFisher Scientific, #32106).