The sample size was calculated using the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 28.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) in order to detect a 1.5-mm difference in ND between groups (Alam et al., 2019 (link)). A total sample of 52 participants (26 per group) was required for a statistical power of 0.90, an alpha level of 0.05, and a drop-out allowance of 10%.
Flexible Flatfoot Biomechanics Study
The sample size was calculated using the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 28.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) in order to detect a 1.5-mm difference in ND between groups (Alam et al., 2019 (link)). A total sample of 52 participants (26 per group) was required for a statistical power of 0.90, an alpha level of 0.05, and a drop-out allowance of 10%.
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Corresponding Organization :
Other organizations : Chulalongkorn University
Variable analysis
- Asymptomatic bilateral flexible flatfoot with a navicular drop (ND) greater than 10 mm
- Navicular drop (ND)
- Adults aged 18 to 39 years
- Body mass index of 18.5–22.9 kg/m^2
- No lower extremity surgery, history of trauma or accidents to the lower extremities, lower extremity deformities, or neurological conditions affecting the lower extremities
- No positive or negative controls were explicitly mentioned in the provided information.
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