Male Sprague-Dawley rats, initially weighing 330-350 g, were housed in cages in a temperature- and light-controlled room, with free access to water. All procedures were approved by the Dong-A University Institutional Animal Care Committee (DIACUC-approval-16-9).
Thirty-two adenine-induced uremic rats were fed diets containing 0.75% adenine and 2.5% protein (Envigo Teklad, Madson, WI, USA) for three weeks. After three weeks, rats were randomly divided into four groups, which were supplemented and fed diets containing 2.5% protein for four weeks. These groups included an adenine control group (0.9% saline by gastric gavage), an omega-3 FA-supplemented group (300 mg/kg/day by gastric gavage), an MK-7-supplemented group (50 µg/kg/day by gastric gavage), and a combined omega-3 FA and MK-7-supplemented group [12 (link),13 (link)]. Six normal control rats were fed diets containing 2.5% protein for seven weeks. All animals were fed evenly and had access to water ad libitum. Rats were anesthetized with diethyl ether, and blood samples were obtained from the heart. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and phosphorus levels were measured by an automatic analyzer (Roche, Germany).
Thirty-two adenine-induced uremic rats were fed diets containing 0.75% adenine and 2.5% protein (Envigo Teklad, Madson, WI, USA) for three weeks. After three weeks, rats were randomly divided into four groups, which were supplemented and fed diets containing 2.5% protein for four weeks. These groups included an adenine control group (0.9% saline by gastric gavage), an omega-3 FA-supplemented group (300 mg/kg/day by gastric gavage), an MK-7-supplemented group (50 µg/kg/day by gastric gavage), and a combined omega-3 FA and MK-7-supplemented group [12 (link),13 (link)]. Six normal control rats were fed diets containing 2.5% protein for seven weeks. All animals were fed evenly and had access to water ad libitum. Rats were anesthetized with diethyl ether, and blood samples were obtained from the heart. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and phosphorus levels were measured by an automatic analyzer (Roche, Germany).
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