As previously reported(8 (link)), ears or skin grafts were minced into small pieces and put into a gentle MACS C tube (Miltenyi) with 3 to 5 ml DMEM digestion solution containing 2% FCS, 10mM Hepes, 0.1mg/ml Liberase TM (Sigma), 0.1 mg/ml DNAse I (Sigma) and 0.5 mg/ml hyaluronidase (Sigma). After 1.5 hour shaking at 37°C, ear tissues were further broken down in a gentle MACS dissociator (Miltenyi) and debris were filtered. Cells were washed in FACS buffer and stained for flow cytometry. To separate the epidermis and dermis, ears were split into dorsal and ventral halves and incubated with 20 mM EDTA in PBS at 37°C for 2 hr. Then the separated epidermis and dermis were digested as above.