All lipids were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabama, USA). Liposomes displaying 1 mol% DNP and encapsulating 20 mM sulforhodamine B (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA), composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), cholesterol and dinitrophenyl-cap-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DNP-cap-PE) (44:5:50:1 mol%) in PBS were generated as previously described27 (link).
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