Trypan Blue and MTT Assays for Cell Viability

Trypan blue staining was carried out as described previously [17 (link)] and counted using a Countess™ II Automated Cell Counter (Thermo Fisher). For MTT assays, media from treated cells was replaced with 5 mg/mL 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT, #M5655; Millipore-Sigma) solution in base media for 1 h. Cells were washed with PBS, crystals were dissolved using isopropyl alcohol (IPA, 0.5% 1N HCl in isopropanol), and absorbance (λ_ex 570 nm) was measured with a FilterMax F5 microplate reader (Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, USA) and Multi-Mode Analysis software (Version 3.4.0.27 Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA).