In order to make the vaccine sequence better expressed in eukaryotes, we sequentially added the Kozak sequence containing the start codon (GCCACCATG) and a piece of IgE leader sequence (DWTWILFLVAAATRVHS) at its 5’ end. The JCat codon optimization tool42 (link) (http://www.jcat.de/) was utilized for reverse translation and codon optimization of BD3-12P. The codon-optimized sequence synthesized by Shanghai Generay Biotech, was inserted into the pVAX1 plasmid (Invitrogen, 35–1049) between the EcoRI and XbaI sites.
Female C57BL/6 mice were procured and housed in a pathogen-free environment at the Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The Institute of Medical Biology’s Institutional Animal Ethics Committee approved all animal-based experiments (Approval number: DWSP202306014). TC-1 tumor cells, originating from C57BL/6 mice primary lung epithelial cells and transformed with c-Ha-ras and HPV-16 E6- and E7-encoding genes,43 (link) served as a preclinical tumor model for assessing therapeutic HPV vaccines targeting HPV16 E6/E7 antigens.