According to previous studies [23 (link)–25 (link)]. the ankle joints were fixed with 4% PFA for 48 h and subsequently scanned using SkyScan1276 Micro-CT (Bruker, Kontich, Belgium) with the following parameters: Source Voltage of 70 kV, Source Current of 200 µA, Exposure time of 388ms, and no 360-degree rotation. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the two-dimensional joint scan images was performed using Recon software (Bruker, Kontich, Belgium). A cuboid area in the right calcaneus (size: 2.0268 × 1.0134 × 1.0134 mm3) was selected as the Region of Interest (ROI) for analyzing trabecular bone changes. The percent bone volume (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular number (Tb.N), Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), Trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and Trabecular pattern factor (Tb.Pf) were measured using CTAn software (Bruker, Kontich, Belgium). Each parameter was measured at least three times.
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